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Diabetic socks should be truly seamless. Seams, present in standard socks, present pressure points that could lead to the development of ulcers. Researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio studied the evidence that supported the anecdotal clinical evidence that sock seams introduced localized high pressure points and concluded that "manufacturers could be encouraged to continue the production of seamless socks" which they found could reduce pressure by 60%.
Perfect conformity of the sock to the natural anatomical shape of a foot is critical to provide a smooth, wrinkle free fit that eliminates unnecessary pressure points caused by looseness or bunching. Socks constructed of all directional stretch (Corespun) yarns yield the best results.
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A smooth, non-bulky fit functions as an interface preventing friction between the skin and the shoes.
Fibers such as CoolMax four-channel polyester and other wicking acrylic fibers transport moisture away from the skin to the surface of the sock where it can evaporate or be absorbed by the shoe bed to keep the skin's surface dry and prevent sores. These fibers have also been proven to be less compacting (i.e. protect better against shear) than the cotton fibers traditionally recommended. It is worth noting that these fibers will not absorb moisturizing skin treatments.
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Corespun stretch yarns must be calibrated to exert low compression so that the form fitting, seamless socks will fit without restricting circulation. Socks with limited stretch can be harmful, especially as feet typically swell during a day's wear.
Proper diabetic socks will have permanent antibacterial inhibitors, (permanent being the life of the sock, or a minimum of 50 wearings and washings). Wearing white socks gives the advantage of being able to easily detect any discharge that might occur. The availability of properly constructed socks in fashion colors will likely increase patient compliance.
Low compression yarns with 4-way stretch allow the stretch needed for patients with swelling or excess weight. Having the ankle calf portion knitted with a looser stitch gives even greater stretch in that critical area.
Diligence in purchasing proper socks that help to minimize the risks associated with pressure points, poor moisture management, and blister causing shear is a logical preventative effort in assuring good foot health.
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